THE USE OF COCAINE AND ETHER AS ANAESTHETIC
COCAINE
The first discovered local anaesthetic has been cocaine, a natural compound isolated by the coca’s leaf. In a first moment these leaves were used by the people from Peru to work tireless. The cocaine was isolated in 1860 and used like anaesthetic in 1884 by Karl Kohler.
Cocaine's chemical formula
But cocaine is very toxic and cause addiction. So similar molecule was synthesized with collateral and less serious effect such as “procaine” and “lidocaine”. In Australia it is currently prescribed as a local anesthetic for conditions such as mouth and lung ulcers .
Today cocaine is considered an illegal drug. The effects of the substance occur more or less rapidly and consist mainly of:
Effects psychotropic
Distortion and cognitive capabilities receptive, feeling increased perceptions
Accentuation responsiveness physical and mental
Reduction of fatigue
Reduction of sleep and the feeling of hunger
Euphoria
Physiological Effects
Increased heart rate
Increased left ventricular contractility
Increased blood pressure
Iper-production of adrenaline
Increased production of endothelin
Decreased production of nitric oxide
Speeding up the process atherosclerotic, with considerable risk of thrombosis, myocardial infarction and permanent damage to the cardio vascular system.
Hypertension Long-term effects
Depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, paranoia and other psychosis
Weight loss
Destruction of the immune system
Nasal septal rupture in the event of repeated borrowing by intranasally
Impotence
Overdose
Agitation, hostility, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, stroke, muscular paralysis and respiratory death.
ETHER
The pharmacist Craword Long was the first to use ether in a operation. In 1842 he used ether to take away a tumour of the neck. The patient remained amazed when he noticed that he didn’t feel pain. The operation costed 2 dollar. It was born modern anaesthesia, a very important chapter in the chemical history.
Craword Long
COCAINE
The first discovered local anaesthetic has been cocaine, a natural compound isolated by the coca’s leaf. In a first moment these leaves were used by the people from Peru to work tireless. The cocaine was isolated in 1860 and used like anaesthetic in 1884 by Karl Kohler.
Cocaine's chemical formula
But cocaine is very toxic and cause addiction. So similar molecule was synthesized with collateral and less serious effect such as “procaine” and “lidocaine”. In Australia it is currently prescribed as a local anesthetic for conditions such as mouth and lung ulcers .
Today cocaine is considered an illegal drug. The effects of the substance occur more or less rapidly and consist mainly of:
Effects psychotropic
Distortion and cognitive capabilities receptive, feeling increased perceptions
Accentuation responsiveness physical and mental
Reduction of fatigue
Reduction of sleep and the feeling of hunger
Euphoria
Physiological Effects
Increased heart rate
Increased left ventricular contractility
Increased blood pressure
Iper-production of adrenaline
Increased production of endothelin
Decreased production of nitric oxide
Speeding up the process atherosclerotic, with considerable risk of thrombosis, myocardial infarction and permanent damage to the cardio vascular system.
Hypertension Long-term effects
Depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, paranoia and other psychosis
Weight loss
Destruction of the immune system
Nasal septal rupture in the event of repeated borrowing by intranasally
Impotence
Overdose
Agitation, hostility, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, stroke, muscular paralysis and respiratory death.
ETHER
The pharmacist Craword Long was the first to use ether in a operation. In 1842 he used ether to take away a tumour of the neck. The patient remained amazed when he noticed that he didn’t feel pain. The operation costed 2 dollar. It was born modern anaesthesia, a very important chapter in the chemical history.
Craword Long
Vannucchi Francesco
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